Rats

Introduction

Rats make great pets as they are affectionate and interactive. They are also highly intelligent and can be taught to do tricks, like fetch and turning in circles. Rats live for about 3 years, and grow to be about 25cm long, excluding the tail, and weigh 450g. They are social animals, and should be kept in at least pairs, so that they can keep each other company. If you decide to keep boys and girls together, it is important that you get them desexed, otherwise you will end up with lots of babies.

Choosing a Rat

You should look for a rat that is curious, active and responsive, and can run and climb well. Choose one with a shiny, healthy coat, and bright, clear eyes. Do not pick one with injuries, discharges or red staining around its eyes and nose. Avoid rats that appear thin or weak, are sick or are sneezing.  Do not choose a rat with overgrown teeth or any other abnormalities. You should not purchase a rat from a pet shop if any other rats appear sick.

Husbandry

A large cage allows plenty of space for your rats to run around. Solid floors are preferred as walking on a wire bottom can lead to feet problems. Ensure the cage is put in an area with good ventilation, but away from draughts. Do not put it somewhere with loud noises, such as next to the TV.

Give your rats lots of toys to play with. Environmental enrichment prevents them from becoming bored. Rats usually enjoy running on a wheel, and running through tunnels. Cardboard boxes and egg cartons make great toys. Rats also enjoy napping in hammocks, and burying themselves in blankets. Having different levels in your cage and ladders allows your rats to climb and explore.

Sawdust is not a good choice for bedding as it is very dusty, and can irritate your rat’s respiratory system. Recycled paper pellets work well as they are absorbent and have minimal dust. Rats can be toilet trained, and a litter tray should be provided.

It is essential that you keep your rats’ home as clean as possible. The cage and everything inside needs to be thoroughly cleaned out at least once a week.

Diet

Vetafarm Rodent Origins is ideal and is a complete diet for your rats. Pet shop muesli mixes do not provide balanced nutrition. Vegetables like chopped carrots may be offered, and these are also good for teeth. Occasionally, a small amount of vegetable based baby food may be offered as a treat. All uneaten food should be removed at the end of the day and replaced with fresh food.

Ensure that your rats always have access to fresh water. A hanging drip bottle works well, and helps keep the water clean.

Health

If your rat doesn’t feel well, you should take it to a vet immediately. Signs to look out for include lethargy, spending more time sleeping or hiding, eating and drinking less, weight loss and other abnormal behaviours. If you notice sneezing or red discharge around your rat’s eyes and nose, you should visit the vet as your rat may have respiratory disease.

An annual vet check is important for your rat’s health. Your vet will also be able to teach you about disease prevention and parasite control, and how to keep your rat happy and healthy.

If you ever have any questions or concerns about the health of your rat, your UQ VETS Veterinarian will be happy to help.